At last, drawing an end to his speech, Professor Sandel said, this choice between above two kinds of loyalty depends on deeper understanding of “what it is to be a human being and what it is to be a moral agent.” He said: “this choice between loyalty being an independent virtue and loyalty as a derivative virtue depends on whether you think that we are individual first and members of community second...in the sense that all of our obligations arise from choices we freely made, from contracts we voluntarily enter into. Or, you think that we are, in our moral identities, not just a matter of feeling, shaped by our families that raise us, communities that educate us, countries that shape our values, so there is a deep difference in principle underlies the discussions we made.”